迎春花试管培养技术的研究

旨在研究不同培养条件对迎春花不定芽再生和生根状况的影响,并筛选出最适培养条件。以迎春花带芽茎段为材料,通过诱导愈伤组织、愈伤组织分化新芽、芽生根等步骤建立迎春花离体快速繁殖体系。研究结果表明,适合迎春花愈伤组织诱导的培养基为WPM+3.0 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/LNAA,诱导率高达100%;适合迎春花芽伸长诱导的培养基为WPM+2.0 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/LNAA,诱导率达56.8%;适合迎春花生根诱导的培养基为1/2 WPM+0.5 mg/L NAA,生根率高达85%,根系发达,试管苗生长健壮。培养条件为光照强度1500 lx,光照时间12 h/d,温度25℃。植物生长调节剂种类及质量浓度对迎春花不定芽的出芽时间和再生率以及生根率有明显影响。     

1976—2017年青海湖东北部地区极端降水事件变化特征分析

为进一步了解高寒牧区气候变化,依据1976—2017年青海湖东北部海晏站逐日降水资料,采用百分位法确定冬、夏半年极端降雨（雪）阈值并统计极端降水事件,运用线性趋势、R/S和小波分析法分析极端降水事件变化特征、未来演变趋势及周期。结果表明：青海湖东北部地区冬、夏半年极端降水日数和极端降水量呈不显著增加趋势;冬半年极端降水强度和日最大降水量不显著增加,而夏半年不显著减小;极端降水对年降水的贡献率均以不同的速率增加,其中夏半年的极端降水对年降水的影响较大;冬半年降水日数不显著减小,而降水量显著增加,表明冬半年发生短时强降水的几率增大,夏半年的降水日数和降水量增加不明显;未来,冬半年极端降水日数增加趋势将发生转变,极端降水量与之前的变化趋势无关将继续呈现震荡性,其他各要素将持续前期的变化趋势;冬（夏）半年极端降水日数和降水量分别存在明显的周期变化特征。高寒牧区的极端降水研究对于预防短时强降水带来的雪灾、洪涝事件的发生意义重大。     

浙江红花油茶高接换冠成活率影响因素研究

为研究浙江红花油茶高接换冠成活率影响因素,解决嫁接成活率低的问题,2013年6月从中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所引进浙江红花油茶优树穗条,在青田县大垟山林场开展浙江红花油茶高接换冠试验,分析砧木林郁闭度、坡位、砧木生长势及接穗保存时间等因素对嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明,林分郁闭度在0.3~0.7之间,随着郁闭度增加嫁接平均成活率提高;郁闭度在0.7~0.9之间,随着郁闭度增加,嫁接成活率降低;当郁闭度为0.7时,嫁接成活率最高为88.8%。山腰的嫁接成活率高达86%,显著高于山顶和山脚。浙江红花油茶砧木生长势越强嫁接成活率越高。接穗于采集当天嫁接效果最好成活率达89.1%,接穗保存1、2、3、4、5、6天嫁接,成活率分别为85.2%、75.2%、51.6%、28.1%、12.2%、9.3%。偏相关分析表明,各因素对嫁接成活率影响由大到小依次为接穗保存时间(-0.97)、郁闭度(0.85)、生长势(0.81)、坡位(-0.65)。     

甲壳素对连作平邑甜茶生长、光合及抗氧化酶的影响

以苹果连作土盆栽的平邑甜茶幼苗为试材,探讨了0、0.5、1.0和2.5 g·kg-1不同施入量的甲壳素对其光合速率、活性氧含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1.0 g·kg-1的甲壳素处理能显著促进幼苗株高、地径,干样质量和根冠比的增加,根冠比为对照的1.51倍;明显提高了幼苗叶片光合色素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率,其中光合速率为对照的1.30倍;同时提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,分别为对照的1.10倍、1.85倍、1.77倍和1.43倍;减少了叶片丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子的积累,分别为对照的73%、62%和34%,降低了脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖含量。当甲壳素施用量为2.5 g·kg-1时则显著抑制平邑甜茶幼苗生长,降低幼苗叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶活性,并使超氧阴离子和脯氨酸含量明显上升。因此,适宜用量的甲壳素能减轻苹果的连作障碍。     

Physiological Response of Multiple Contrasting Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Suboptimal Temperatures

The physiological response of multiple rice cultivars, eighteen initially and eight cultivars later on, to suboptimal temperatures (ST) conditions was investigated in laboratory and outdoor experimental conditions. Treatment with ST decreased growth in different extents according to the cultivar and affected the PSII performance, determined by chlorophyll fluorescence fast‐transient test, and stomatal conductance, regardless the experimental condition. Two groups of cultivars could be distinguished on the base of their growth and physiological parameters. The group of cultivars presenting higher growths displayed optimal JIP values, and higher instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i), due to a lower Gs under ST, unlike cultivars showing lower growth values, which presented worse JIP values and could not adjust their Gs and hence their WUE_i. In this work, we detected at least two cultivars with superior tolerance to ST than the cold tolerant referent Koshihikari. These cultivars could be used as parents or tolerance donors in breeding for new crop varieties. On other hand, positive and significant correlations between data obtained from laboratory and outdoor experiments suggest that laboratory measurements of most of the above mentioned parameters would be useful to predict the response of rice cultivars to ST outdoor.     

不同送风和载物方式作用下冲击式速冻设备中虾仁冻结过程的比较

以明虾虾仁为研究对象,利用数值模拟结合实验验证的方法,研究两种送风方式(单侧送风和双侧送风)和两种载物方式(板带载物和网带载物)对虾仁冻结过程的影响,找到使虾仁冻结时间最短的送风和载物方式。研究发现:对于虾仁冻结来说,采用双侧送风+网带载物可以使虾仁表面流场流速更大,有利于提高换热效率,减少虾仁冻结时间,相对于其他送风方式和载物方式来说可缩短虾仁冻结时间的14%～25%;双侧送风有助于低速侧形成提高虾仁下表面流速的涡流,而网带载物可以避免在虾仁下侧面与网带交界处以及虾仁头部形成射流"真空区",上述均有助于提高虾仁表面风速,缩短虾仁冻结时长;但是冻结速度越快,虾仁冻结均匀性则越差。在本次实验中,虾仁内外最大温差出现在实验组D(双侧送风+网带载物),最大温差可达13.02℃。     

甲状腺素对猪小肠上皮细胞miR-let-7a基因表达及细胞增殖的影响

miR-let-7a在动物细胞的分化、增殖与凋亡等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。甲状腺激素(TH)作用非常广泛,机体的每个细胞几乎都是TH作用的靶细胞,其可以促进组织分化、生长和成熟。本实验用甲状腺素(T4)浓度分别为(0、0.02、0.03、0.05、0.075、0.1、0.2μmol/L)在体外培养猪的小肠上皮细胞。结果表明:T4处理组的细胞体积形态相对于空白对照组没有明显变化;当T4添加浓度为0.03μmol/L时,细胞的增殖率显著低于其他组(P0.05);当T4浓度为0~0.03μmol/L时,let-7a的表达随着添加剂量的增加而升高,浓度从0.03~0.2μmol/L变化时,let-7a的表达呈现降低趋势,浓度为0.03μmol/L时表达量极显著高于其他组(P0.01)。let-7a的表达量与细胞增殖呈负相关。     

圆形喷灌机条件下变量灌溉对苏丹草产量与品质的影响

以苏丹草为研究对象，于2019年5—8月在河北涿州中国农业大学教学实验场开展了圆形喷灌机条件下变量灌溉对苏丹草产量与品质的影响研究。依据土壤表观电导率（ECa）差异划分出3个灌溉管理小区（1区、2区、3区），并分别对其进行变量灌溉（VRI）和均匀灌溉（URI）处理。结果表明：全生长季内，URI和VRI处理之间年产量没有显著性差异（P>0.05）,但VRI处理比URI处理节水13.4％，灌溉水分利用效率提高了17.5%，尤其是在第二茬雨季VRI处理的灌溉水分利用效率提升了43.8%（P<0.05）；第一茬，VRI处理与URI处理苏丹草粗蛋白含量与相对饲喂价值没有显著性差异（P>0.05），但在降雨量较大的第二茬VRI处理可以显著提高苏丹草的粗蛋白含量（提高9.5%，P<0.05）和相对饲喂价值（提高3.5%，P<0.05）。     

Flow alteration and thermal pollution depress modelled growth rates of an iconic riverine fish,the Murray cod Maccullochella peelii

The serial discontinuity concept (SDC) proposes that hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundments cause major disruptions to the naturally occurring physical, chemical and biological gradients of rivers but that this impact diminishes with distance downstream. Such a gradient in discharge, flow velocity and temperature regime occurs below a large hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundment, the Hume Dam, on the River Murray in south‐eastern Australia. To examine the effects of this disturbance gradient on a warm‐water large‐bodied freshwater fish, the Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a bioenergetics model was developed and calibrated to explore energy expended under differing water velocities and temperature regimes. Model simulations predicted negative growth of juveniles directly downstream of the impoundment, due largely to the energetic costs associated with active and, to a lesser extent, standard metabolism outweighing the achievable energetic gains through food consumption. As flow velocity and temperature regimes became more favourable downstream, so did the simulated growth of the species. It was not until +239 km downstream of the impoundment that the model predicted that flow velocity and temperature regimes were suitable for greater weight gains. The modelled growth responses of juvenile Murray cod are consistent with the predictions of the SDC, emphasising that changes in the bioenergetics of individuals are likely to be reflected in reduced growth rates under the changed flow velocity and temperature regimes imposed by disturbance gradients. This research represents a valuable step in the biological understanding of Murray cod within variable riverine environments and emphasises the urgency required to mitigate impacts associated with hypolimnetic impoundments.     

甜菜根产量和含糖率性状的QTL定位

为了进行目的基因克隆等进一步的研究,选育高产、高糖、抗病的新品种,由‘JV34-2’和‘2B023’杂交获得F2代群体200株甜菜为材料,利用123个SRAP标记和18个SSR标记,对甜菜的根产量性状和含糖率性状进行QTL定位分析。利用完备区间作图软件QTL icimapping3.1,共检测出根产量和含糖性状的17个QTLs,定位于已构建的遗传图谱的6个连锁群中。根产量性状定位了7个QTLs,LOD值为2.5322~4.0098,可解释变异为4.5704%~12.3782%。含糖率性状定位了10个QTLs,LOD值为2.5385~10.8314,可解释变异为2.3482%~19.3828%。本试验是国内甜菜重要经济性状定位研究中获得QTL定位位点最多的。